鉆絨檢測為羽絨服的服用性能保駕護航
在羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝實際生產和使用過程中(zhong),羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)漏絨(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)現象一直困擾(rao)著(zhu)羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝生產企業(ye)和消費者,同時也是在檢測(ce)中(zhong)心進行咨詢服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)方面反(fan)映最多的(de)(de)問題(ti),但(dan)在我國羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝標準GB/T14272-2011《羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝》中(zhong)并沒有具體給(gei)出關于漏絨(rong)(rong)(rong)情況(kuang)的(de)(de)考核要求,這就直接導(dao)致在出現羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝漏絨(rong)(rong)(rong)情況(kuang)時無據(ju)可(ke)依(yi),確定相應的(de)(de)測(ce)試方法和指標來考核羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝的(de)(de)漏絨(rong)(rong)(rong)情況(kuang),已經變得迫在眉睫。
1、羽絨服裝面料防鉆絨性的測試方法:織物的防鉆絨性能指阻止羽絨或羽毛從紗線縫隙間漏絨的性能,用在規定條件作用下的鉆絨根數表示。查閱相關的國內或國外的一些資料,目前考核羽絨服裝面料的防鉆絨性能主要有以下三種試驗方法:
1.1防鉆絨物理性測試
主要有摩擦(ca)法(fa)測試和轉箱法(fa)測試,計算鉆出織物的羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)、羽(yu)毛(mao)滲出的數(shu)量,作為(wei)考核羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)服裝面(mian)料防鉆絨(rong)(rong)性(xing)能等(deng)級的依(yi)據,具體情況如下:
(1)摩擦(ca)法
人體在穿用羽絨服(fu)裝過程中的(de)不規(gui)則運動而產生(sheng)摩(mo)擦、擠壓(ya),機器設(she)定為(wei)轉動到一定的(de)次數后,觀(guan)察鉆(zhan)出布面的(de)羽絨或羽毛的(de)根(gen)數。主要(yao)測試方法(fa)有:GB/T12705.1-2009《紡織品織物(wu)防(fang)鉆(zhan)絨性試驗方法(fa)第1部(bu)分:摩(mo)擦法(fa)》。
(2)轉(zhuan)箱(xiang)法
將試樣制(zhi)成袋裝或圓筒裝,內(nei)裝一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)質量的(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)羽絨,放在裝有硬質橡膠球(qiu)的(de)試驗機回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)箱內(nei),通過回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)箱的(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動,將橡膠球(qiu)帶(dai)至一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)高(gao)度,沖擊箱內(nei)的(de)試樣,達到(dao)模擬羽絨服(fu)制(zhi)品在服(fu)用(yong)中所受的(de)各種擠壓、揉搓、碰撞等作用(yong)。連續不斷地碰撞一(yi)直到(dao)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)次數(shu)后,通過計數(shu)從試樣袋內(nei)部(bu)所鉆出的(de)羽絨根(gen)數(shu)來評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)織物的(de)防(fang)鉆絨性能。主(zhu)要測(ce)試方(fang)(fang)法有GB/T12705.2-2009《紡織品織物防(fang)鉆絨性試驗方(fang)(fang)法第2部(bu)分:轉(zhuan)(zhuan)箱法》。
1.2透氣性測試
通過測試(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)流穿過織(zhi)物(wu)的速率的方(fang)法來(lai)評價材料(liao)防(fang)鉆絨(rong)性(xing)(xing)能。這(zhe)是(shi)一個很(hen)好的指示(shi)性(xing)(xing)測試(shi)(shi)標(biao)志(zhi),數字(zi)越低,說明滲漏(lou)的可能性(xing)(xing)越小。通常(chang)透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)測試(shi)(shi)指標(biao)小于10mm/s被認(ren)為防(fang)鉆絨(rong)。然(ran)而,一些面料(liao)雖然(ran)通不過透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)測試(shi)(shi),但卻能通過防(fang)鉆絨(rong)物(wu)理性(xing)(xing)測試(shi)(shi)。國內(nei)外測試(shi)(shi)方(fang)法標(biao)準主要有:EN ISO9237《紡(fang)織(zhi)品(pin)織(zhi)物(wu)透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)能的測定》,GB/T5453-1997《紡(fang)織(zhi)品(pin)織(zhi)物(wu)透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)的測定》,目前羽絨(rong)、羽毛的防(fang)鉆絨(rong)性(xing)(xing)還沒有官(guan)方(fang)正式的要求限(xian)定。
1.3織物(wu)密(mi)度測試
對羽(yu)絨制(zhi)品而言,織物密(mi)(mi)度(du)要求是最普(pu)通的(de)檢測。通常織物密(mi)(mi)度(du)越(yue)高(gao),防鉆絨性越(yue)好。然而,紗線粗細和(he)某些紡織技術因素影響也(ye)會使得一些高(gao)密(mi)(mi)度(du)的(de)材料(liao)運用在羽(yu)絨制(zhi)品上(shang)效(xiao)果并(bing)不能令人滿意,而一些低(di)密(mi)(mi)度(du)材料(liao)卻(que)會更合適。此指(zhi)標(biao)一般作為羽(yu)絨服裝生產企業的(de)內控指(zhi)標(biao)。
2、生產工藝(yi)等對羽絨服(fu)裝防鉆絨性能的(de)影響(xiang)
以上的(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)方法是針對面(mian)料(liao)本(ben)身的(de)防(fang)鉆絨(rong)(rong)(rong)性能(neng),而沒有包括可能(neng)會在(zai)羽絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服裝生(sheng)產加工過程(cheng)中,例如縫線、針孔(kong)(kong)等因素的(de)影(ying)響。檢測(ce)(ce)中心在(zai)羽絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服裝的(de)檢驗(yan)和(he)處理客戶投訴(su)問(wen)題的(de)過程(cheng)中,發(fa)現(xian)(xian)羽絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服裝漏絨(rong)(rong)(rong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)有很(hen)大一(yi)部分發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)縫合(he)處的(de)針孔(kong)(kong)中,或者出(chu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)口袋(口袋布(bu)料(liao)使用的(de)是一(yi)般(ban)布(bu)料(liao),防(fang)鉆絨(rong)(rong)(rong)性能(neng)很(hen)差)。經(jing)過長期的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)和(he)總結(jie),建議在(zai)羽絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服裝的(de)內在(zai)質量要求(qiu)中增加洗(xi)后外觀的(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目,并作(zuo)為(wei)標準中的(de)強制(zhi)性測(ce)(ce)試(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目。
考(kao)慮到干洗(xi)劑對(dui)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油脂有破壞性(xing)作用(yong),從而影響羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing),在(zai)穿用(yong)后(hou)(hou)一般不建議干洗(xi),以(yi)水洗(xi)為(wei)宜,現只(zhi)考(kao)核羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水洗(xi)后(hou)(hou)外觀(guan)。具體(ti)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)方法:選擇(ze)GB/T8629-2001《紡(fang)織品試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗用(yong)家庭洗(xi)滌和干燥(zao)程(cheng)序》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5A程(cheng)序,連(lian)續洗(xi)滌5次(ci)或者5次(ci)以(yi)上(shang),轉籠翻轉干燥(zao)后(hou)(hou)觀(guan)察羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)表面(mian)(mian)及口袋(dai)處鉆(zhan)出(chu)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)數。在(zai)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)開始之前(qian),要把(ba)出(chu)現在(zai)整件(jian)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛都清除掉,包括口袋(dai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷主要是根(gen)據以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)執(zhi)行(xing):羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)毛滲(shen)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量,面(mian)(mian)料在(zai)10根(gen)以(yi)下(xia),里料在(zai)15根(gen)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de),即評價為(wei)“可接受(shou)(shou)”;否則,評價為(wei)“不可接受(shou)(shou)”。并且在(zai)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)報告(gao)中(zhong)注明,出(chu)現防鉆(zhan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)部位(wei)和鉆(zhan)出(chu)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)數,以(yi)便服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)生產企業(ye)找到問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)源所(suo)在(zai),更好(hao)地服(fu)(fu)(fu)務于生產。羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)后(hou)(hou)外觀(guan)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi),作為(wei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)生產企業(ye)確定(ding)(ding)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)面(mian)(mian)料后(hou)(hou),計劃生產前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)(hou)一道把(ba)關,從而來評定(ding)(ding)在(zai)生產加工羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)時所(suo)選用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縫針(zhen)、縫線以(yi)及縫制工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理性(xing)。
3、結論
在考核(he)羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)防鉆絨(rong)(rong)性能(neng)方面,建議一(yi)方面通過摩擦法、轉箱法來考核(he)羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)面料的(de)(de)(de)防鉆絨(rong)(rong)性能(neng),具體考核(he)指標可以(yi)參照一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)國際標準(zhun)要求;另(ling)一(yi)方面通過測(ce)試羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)水洗后(hou)外觀是否(fou)接(jie)受來考核(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)生產加工工藝,從而(er)減少羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)生產在漏絨(rong)(rong)方面的(de)(de)(de)問題。