羊絨衫起球的原因分析及評定指標
羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)(shan)(shan)以其非凡的(de)(de)風格和高雅(ya)的(de)(de)氣質(zhi),深受廣大消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)喜(xi)愛,但羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)(shan)(shan)起球問(wen)題普遍,嚴重困擾了消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)使(shi)用。羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)(shan)(shan)起球與羊(yang)絨(rong)纖維特點、面料結(jie)構和消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)穿著(zhu)習(xi)慣都有(you)(you)關系。國(guo)家標準規(gui)定,只要(yao)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)(shan)(shan)起球等級不(bu)超過允許(xu)的(de)(de)范圍就是合格產品,即使(shi)質(zhi)量最上乘的(de)(de)羊(yang)絨(rong)衫(shan)(shan)(shan),在剛(gang)開始穿著(zhu)時也會在的(de)(de)適度的(de)(de)范圍內有(you)(you)輕微的(de)(de)起球現象。本文為(wei)您(nin)做詳(xiang)細分析(xi)。
一、羊絨衫起球的原因
1)纖維紗線(xian)
羊絨(rong)纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細度(du)、長(chang)度(du)、卷曲是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝特征,羊絨(rong)與(yu)羊毛相(xiang)比,首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)細度(du)小、長(chang)度(du)短、卷曲數少(shao),這樣(yang)纖(xian)維(wei)在紗中(zhong)抱合力(li)(li)小,外(wai)露毛羽(yu)多,再加上纖(xian)維(wei)滑糯在外(wai)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)從織物中(zhong)滑移(yi)而產生掉絨(rong)起(qi)球。其(qi)次是(shi)(shi)其(qi)纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縮(suo)絨(rong)性和(he)磨擦(ca)系數均小,纖(xian)維(wei)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨擦(ca)阻(zu)力(li)(li)減(jian)少(shao),但因羊絨(rong)纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鱗(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)結構,使得羊絨(rong)純紡或是(shi)(shi)與(yu)羊毛混紡的(de)(de)(de)(de)織物,羊絨(rong)易從織物中(zhong)滑移(yi)出來,當纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集合體(ti)受到無定向性外(wai)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,逆鱗(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)受力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)纖(xian)維(wei)容易不斷(duan)向根(gen)部(bu)移(yi)運(yun),產生掉絨(rong),由于鱗(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)棘(ji)鎖(suo)和(he)纖(xian)維(wei)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性,纖(xian)維(wei)相(xiang)互(hu)交錯纏(chan)結起(qi)球,也引起(qi)了動物纖(xian)維(wei)所特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)氈縮(suo)。
羊(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力差,衣服在(zai)(zai)穿著時(shi)(shi),纖(xian)維(wei)間互相(xiang)磨(mo)擦,造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)纖(xian)維(wei)聚集,產生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象,介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)數高的(de)纖(xian)維(wei)帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he),反之帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。如化學(xue)纖(xian)維(wei)與(yu)羊(yang)絨磨(mo)擦時(shi)(shi),化學(xue)纖(xian)維(wei)帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he),羊(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。不相(xiang)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)纖(xian)維(wei)之間相(xiang)互吸引,易造(zao)成織物掉絨起球,當(dang)天氣干(gan)燥時(shi)(shi)這種現象尤(you)為嚴重。
纖(xian)(xian)維的卷(juan)曲(qu)波(bo)形愈(yu)多(duo),在加捻時(shi),纖(xian)(xian)維越不容易(yi)(yi)(yi)伸(shen)展,在摩擦(ca)(ca)過程中纖(xian)(xian)維容易(yi)(yi)(yi)松動滑移(yi),在紗(sha)線表面形成毛茸。為此(ci),纖(xian)(xian)維卷(juan)曲(qu)性愈(yu)好(hao),愈(yu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)球(qiu)。纖(xian)(xian)維愈(yu)細,顯露在紗(sha)線表面的纖(xian)(xian)維頭端就(jiu)多(duo),纖(xian)(xian)維柔(rou)軟性也(ye)愈(yu)好(hao),因此(ci)細纖(xian)(xian)維比(bi)粗纖(xian)(xian)維易(yi)(yi)(yi)于糾纏起(qi)球(qiu)。而(er)對于纖(xian)(xian)維長度(du)來講,較短(duan)纖(xian)(xian)維比(bi)長纖(xian)(xian)維易(yi)(yi)(yi)于起(qi)毛起(qi)球(qiu),因游離纖(xian)(xian)維較多(duo),且短(duan)纖(xian)(xian)維之間的摩擦(ca)(ca)力及抱合力均(jun)較小,纖(xian)(xian)維易(yi)(yi)(yi)于滑到織物表面,也(ye)就(jiu)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)產生起(qi)球(qiu)現象。
紗(sha)(sha)線(xian)的(de)(de)捻度(du)和(he)表面(mian)光(guang)(guang)潔程度(du)對起球也有(you)較大影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),捻度(du)高的(de)(de)紗(sha)(sha)線(xian),纖維間的(de)(de)抱合緊密(mi),紗(sha)(sha)線(xian)在受(shou)到摩擦時,纖維從紗(sha)(sha)線(xian)內滑移相對少(shao),起球現象減少(shao);由于羊絨衫是柔軟性織物(wu),過高的(de)(de)捻度(du)會使織物(wu)發(fa)硬,因此(ci)不能(neng)靠(kao)提(ti)高捻度(du)來(lai)防止起球。紗(sha)(sha)線(xian)光(guang)(guang)潔度(du)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),紗(sha)(sha)線(xian)越光(guang)(guang)潔,表面(mian)毛茸則短而(er)少(shao),所以光(guang)(guang)潔紗(sha)(sha)線(xian)不易起球。
2)織(zhi)物組織(zhi)結構
織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)結構(gou)疏松的織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)比結構(gou)緊(jin)密(mi)的織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu),結構(gou)緊(jin)密(mi)的織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)與外界物(wu)(wu)(wu)體摩(mo)擦時,不易(yi)產生毛(mao)(mao)(mao)茸(rong),已(yi)經存在的毛(mao)(mao)(mao)茸(rong),又由于纖維之間(jian)的摩(mo)擦阻力較(jiao)大,而不易(yi)滑到織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表面來,故可減輕(qing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象。高機(ji)(ji)號(hao)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)般比較(jiao)緊(jin)密(mi),所以低(di)機(ji)(ji)號(hao)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)比高機(ji)(ji)號(hao)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)。表面平整的織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)不易(yi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu),表面凹(ao)凸不平的織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)。
3)染整(zheng)工藝的影(ying)響
紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)織(zhi)物經(jing)染(ran)色(se)(se)及整理以(yi)后(hou)(hou),對抗(kang)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)性將(jiang)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)大影響,這與染(ran)料、助劑、染(ran)整工藝條件有關(guan),以(yi)絞紗(sha)染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)比用(yong)散毛(mao)(mao)(mao)染(ran)色(se)(se)或(huo)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)條染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)易起(qi)(qi)球(qiu);以(yi)成衫染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)織(zhi)物比紗(sha)線(xian)(xian)染(ran)色(se)(se)所織(zhi)的(de)織(zhi)物易起(qi)(qi)球(qiu);織(zhi)物經(jing)過定型,特別是經(jing)樹脂整理后(hou)(hou),其抗(kang)起(qi)(qi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)性將(jiang)大大增(zeng)強。
4)穿著條件的影響(xiang)
起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現(xian)象需要從(cong)紡織(zhi)品(pin)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)機理說起(qi)(qi)。羊絨衫在穿著過程中,由于外(wai)罩(如外(wai)衣)施(shi)加的(de)摩擦等作用(yong),紗線中較短(duan)(duan)的(de)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維的(de)一端滑移(yi)出(chu)來,在織(zhi)物(wu)表面(mian)相互纏(chan)結成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)。而羊絨纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維比羊毛的(de)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維細而短(duan)(duan),加上一般的(de)羊絨衫為粗梳產品(pin),羊絨紗中的(de)短(duan)(duan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維含量較高,更容易“呲”出(chu)來彼(bi)此(ci)纏(chan)結。
因(yin)此羊絨衫在內(nei)穿時,與(yu)(yu)其配套的外衣里(li)子(zi)最好是光滑的,不(bu)能(neng)太粗糙、堅硬,內(nei)袋勿裝(zhuang)硬物(wu)或(huo)插筆等,以(yi)免局部(bu)摩擦起(qi)球(qiu);在外穿時,袖子(zi)與(yu)(yu)桌面、袖子(zi)與(yu)(yu)沙(sha)發(fa)扶手、背部(bu)與(yu)(yu)沙(sha)發(fa)等不(bu)要(yao)長時間摩擦。穿著(zhu)時間不(bu)宜太長,要(yao)注意間歇、交替穿著(zhu),使其恢復彈力,以(yi)免纖維疲勞損傷(shang)。
羊絨衫出現起(qi)球(qiu)現象之后,切忌用手生(sheng)拉硬扯,正確(que)的(de)方法是(shi)(shi)在(zai)洗滌后用剪刀將起(qi)的(de)絨球(qiu)輕輕地剪下,在(zai)經過幾次洗滌之后,隨著一(yi)些松散的(de)纖維(wei)脫落,羊絨衫的(de)起(qi)球(qiu)現象是(shi)(shi)會(hui)逐漸(jian)消失的(de)。
二、羊絨衫起球的評定
羊(yang)絨衫的(de)起球測定方法主要采取GB/T 4802.3—2008《織(zhi)物起毛(mao)起球性能的(de)測定第3部(bu)分起球箱法》。產品(pin)標準有FZ/T 73018—2012 《毛(mao)針(zhen)織(zhi)品(pin)》和FZ/T 73009—2009《羊(yang)絨針(zhen)織(zhi)品(pin)》,具(ju)體的(de)評(ping)定等級(ji)見表
表(biao)1羊絨衫起球(qiu)評(ping)定(ding)指標

注:低于二(er)等品的為(wei)等外品。