羊絨衫起球的原因分析及評定指標
羊絨(rong)衫(shan)以其非凡的風格(ge)和高(gao)雅(ya)的氣質,深受廣大(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者的喜(xi)愛,但羊絨(rong)衫(shan)起(qi)球問題普遍,嚴重困擾了(le)消(xiao)費(fei)者的使(shi)用。羊絨(rong)衫(shan)起(qi)球與羊絨(rong)纖維特點、面料(liao)結構和消(xiao)費(fei)者穿著習慣都(dou)有(you)關系(xi)。國家標準規定,只要羊絨(rong)衫(shan)起(qi)球等級不(bu)超過允(yun)許的范圍(wei)就是合格(ge)產品,即使(shi)質量最上乘的羊絨(rong)衫(shan),在(zai)剛(gang)開始穿著時也會在(zai)的適度的范圍(wei)內(nei)有(you)輕微的起(qi)球現象。本文(wen)為您做(zuo)詳細(xi)分析(xi)。
一、羊絨(rong)衫起球的原因(yin)
1)纖維(wei)紗線(xian)
羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)的(de)細(xi)(xi)度(du)、長度(du)、卷(juan)曲是(shi)重要的(de)工(gong)藝特征,羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)與羊(yang)毛相比,首先是(shi)細(xi)(xi)度(du)小、長度(du)短、卷(juan)曲數少(shao),這(zhe)樣纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)在紗(sha)中(zhong)抱合力(li)小,外(wai)露(lu)毛羽多,再加上纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)滑(hua)糯在外(wai)力(li)的(de)作用下從織(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)滑(hua)移(yi)而產生掉絨(rong)(rong)起球。其次是(shi)其纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)的(de)縮絨(rong)(rong)性(xing)和(he)磨擦(ca)系數均(jun)小,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)間的(de)磨擦(ca)阻力(li)減少(shao),但因羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)的(de)鱗(lin)片(pian)結(jie)構,使得(de)羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)純紡(fang)或是(shi)與羊(yang)毛混(hun)紡(fang)的(de)織(zhi)物(wu),羊(yang)絨(rong)(rong)易從織(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)滑(hua)移(yi)出來,當纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)的(de)集合體受到無定向性(xing)外(wai)力(li)的(de)作用,逆(ni)鱗(lin)片(pian)受力(li)的(de)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)容(rong)易不斷向根(gen)部(bu)移(yi)運,產生掉絨(rong)(rong),由于鱗(lin)片(pian)之間的(de)棘鎖和(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)體的(de)彈性(xing),纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)相互交錯纏結(jie)起球,也引起了動物(wu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)所特有的(de)氈縮。
羊絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力差,衣(yi)服(fu)在穿著時,纖(xian)維間互(hu)相(xiang)磨擦,造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)在纖(xian)維聚集,產生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象,介電(dian)(dian)(dian)系數高的(de)纖(xian)維帶(dai)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he),反之帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如化學纖(xian)維與羊絨(rong)(rong)磨擦時,化學纖(xian)維帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he),羊絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維帶(dai)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。不(bu)相(xiang)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)纖(xian)維之間相(xiang)互(hu)吸引,易造(zao)成織物掉(diao)絨(rong)(rong)起球,當天氣干(gan)燥(zao)時這種現(xian)象尤為嚴重。
纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)卷(juan)(juan)曲波形(xing)愈(yu)多,在(zai)加(jia)捻時,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)越不(bu)容易(yi)伸展,在(zai)摩擦過程(cheng)中纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)容易(yi)松動滑(hua)移(yi),在(zai)紗(sha)線(xian)表面形(xing)成毛茸。為(wei)此,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)卷(juan)(juan)曲性愈(yu)好(hao),愈(yu)易(yi)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)愈(yu)細,顯露在(zai)紗(sha)線(xian)表面的(de)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)頭(tou)端就多,纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)柔軟(ruan)性也愈(yu)好(hao),因此細纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)比(bi)粗纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)易(yi)于(yu)糾纏(chan)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)。而對于(yu)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)長度來講(jiang),較(jiao)短纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)比(bi)長纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)易(yi)于(yu)起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球(qiu),因游離纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)較(jiao)多,且(qie)短纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)之(zhi)間的(de)摩擦力(li)(li)及(ji)抱(bao)合力(li)(li)均較(jiao)小(xiao),纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)易(yi)于(yu)滑(hua)到(dao)織(zhi)物(wu)表面,也就容易(yi)產生起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)現象。
紗(sha)線(xian)的捻(nian)度(du)和表面(mian)光(guang)(guang)潔程度(du)對起球也有較大影響(xiang),捻(nian)度(du)高(gao)的紗(sha)線(xian),纖維(wei)間的抱合緊(jin)密,紗(sha)線(xian)在(zai)受到摩擦(ca)時(shi),纖維(wei)從(cong)紗(sha)線(xian)內(nei)滑移(yi)相對少(shao),起球現象減(jian)少(shao);由于(yu)羊絨衫是柔軟性織物,過高(gao)的捻(nian)度(du)會使織物發硬,因此(ci)不能靠提高(gao)捻(nian)度(du)來防止起球。紗(sha)線(xian)光(guang)(guang)潔度(du)的影響(xiang),紗(sha)線(xian)越(yue)光(guang)(guang)潔,表面(mian)毛茸則短而少(shao),所以(yi)光(guang)(guang)潔紗(sha)線(xian)不易起球。
2)織物(wu)組織結構
織(zhi)(zhi)物組織(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構疏(shu)松的織(zhi)(zhi)物比結(jie)(jie)(jie)構緊密的織(zhi)(zhi)物易(yi)(yi)起(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)球,結(jie)(jie)(jie)構緊密的織(zhi)(zhi)物與外(wai)界物體(ti)摩(mo)擦時,不(bu)易(yi)(yi)產生毛(mao)茸(rong),已(yi)經存在(zai)的毛(mao)茸(rong),又由于纖維(wei)之間的摩(mo)擦阻力較大,而不(bu)易(yi)(yi)滑到織(zhi)(zhi)物表面來,故(gu)可減(jian)輕(qing)起(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)球現象(xiang)。高機(ji)號(hao)織(zhi)(zhi)物一般比較緊密,所(suo)以低機(ji)號(hao)織(zhi)(zhi)物比高機(ji)號(hao)織(zhi)(zhi)物易(yi)(yi)起(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)球。表面平整的織(zhi)(zhi)物不(bu)易(yi)(yi)起(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)球,表面凹凸不(bu)平的織(zhi)(zhi)物易(yi)(yi)起(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)球。
3)染整工藝的影響
紗線或(huo)織(zhi)物(wu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)染(ran)色(se)(se)及整理以后,對抗起(qi)球性將產生較大影響,這與染(ran)料、助劑、染(ran)整工(gong)藝條(tiao)件有(you)關,以絞紗染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)紗線比用散毛(mao)染(ran)色(se)(se)或(huo)毛(mao)條(tiao)染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)紗線易起(qi)球;以成衫染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)織(zhi)物(wu)比紗線染(ran)色(se)(se)所織(zhi)的(de)織(zhi)物(wu)易起(qi)球;織(zhi)物(wu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)定(ding)型,特別(bie)是經(jing)(jing)(jing)樹脂(zhi)整理后,其抗起(qi)毛(mao)起(qi)球性將大大增強(qiang)。
4)穿著條件的(de)影(ying)響
起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)現象需要(yao)從(cong)紡織品(pin)起(qi)(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)的機理說起(qi)(qi)。羊(yang)(yang)絨衫(shan)在(zai)穿(chuan)著(zhu)過程(cheng)中(zhong),由于外罩(如外衣)施加(jia)的摩擦等作用,紗線中(zhong)較短的纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的一端滑移出來(lai),在(zai)織物表面相(xiang)互纏結成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)。而羊(yang)(yang)絨纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)比(bi)羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)的纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)細而短,加(jia)上一般的羊(yang)(yang)絨衫(shan)為粗梳產品(pin),羊(yang)(yang)絨紗中(zhong)的短纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)含量較高,更(geng)容(rong)易“呲”出來(lai)彼此纏結。
因此羊絨衫在(zai)(zai)內(nei)穿時,與其配(pei)套(tao)的外衣里子(zi)最好是(shi)光(guang)滑的,不能太粗糙(cao)、堅硬(ying),內(nei)袋勿裝硬(ying)物或插(cha)筆等(deng),以(yi)免局部摩(mo)擦起球;在(zai)(zai)外穿時,袖子(zi)與桌面(mian)、袖子(zi)與沙(sha)發(fa)(fa)扶手、背部與沙(sha)發(fa)(fa)等(deng)不要長(chang)時間(jian)摩(mo)擦。穿著(zhu)(zhu)時間(jian)不宜(yi)太長(chang),要注意間(jian)歇、交替穿著(zhu)(zhu),使(shi)其恢(hui)復彈力,以(yi)免纖維(wei)疲(pi)勞(lao)損傷。
羊(yang)絨衫出現(xian)(xian)起(qi)球現(xian)(xian)象之后(hou)(hou),切(qie)忌用(yong)手生拉(la)硬扯,正確(que)的(de)(de)方法是在(zai)洗(xi)滌后(hou)(hou)用(yong)剪刀(dao)將起(qi)的(de)(de)絨球輕輕地剪下,在(zai)經(jing)過幾次洗(xi)滌之后(hou)(hou),隨著一些松散的(de)(de)纖維脫落,羊(yang)絨衫的(de)(de)起(qi)球現(xian)(xian)象是會逐漸消失的(de)(de)。
二、羊絨(rong)衫起球(qiu)的評(ping)定
羊(yang)絨衫的(de)起球(qiu)測定(ding)方法(fa)主要(yao)采取GB/T 4802.3—2008《織物(wu)起毛起球(qiu)性能的(de)測定(ding)第3部分起球(qiu)箱法(fa)》。產品(pin)標準有FZ/T 73018—2012 《毛針織品(pin)》和FZ/T 73009—2009《羊(yang)絨針織品(pin)》,具體的(de)評定(ding)等級(ji)見表(biao)
表(biao)1羊(yang)絨(rong)衫起(qi)球評定指標(biao)

注:低于(yu)二等(deng)品的(de)為等(deng)外品。